Because of its inextricable relationship with the birth experience, breastfeeding must be supported throughout the mater. Pdf breastfeeding and maternal health and infant health. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in. Provision of an address does not constitute an endorsement of this organization by cdc or the federal. The evidence on the many and remarkable benefits of breastfeeding is well known. This study aimed at determining the breastfeeding practices and examining the sociodemographic characteristics that influence exclusive breastfeeding among mothers attending child welfare clinic at manhean, in the tema east submeteropolitan area of greater accra region of ghana. The benefits of breastfeeding across the early years of childhood. Research in developed and developing countries of the world, including middleclass populations in developed countries, provides strong evidence that human milk feeding decreases the incidence andor severity of a wide range of infectious diseases23 including bacterial meningitis,24,25 bacteremia,25,26 di. These secondary sources were selected after a comprehensive computerized search of the academic and grey literature for comparative databases. Breastfeeding supports healthy brain development, and is. High coverage with optimal breastfeeding practices has potentially the single largest impact on child survival of all preventive interventions. Similarly, it was also unclear concerning the relationship between breastfeeding and infant mortality in developed countries.
Vaucher said, protective factors including antibodies, cytokines, antiviral lipids, lactoferrin. News breastfeeding rates too low in developed countries, unicef says. In every country of the world, breastfeeding has a multitude of benefits for women and children. We examined the use of, and factors for use, of all available breastmilk substitutes bms in a country with a. For maternal outcomes, a history of lactation was associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, breast, and ovarian. Breast feeding in developing countries longdom publishing sl. Breastfeeding, maternal and infant health outcomes in. As much as % of all deaths of children younger than 5 years could be prevented by promotional strategies to increase breastfeeding rates. Breastfeeding decreases the risk of respiratory tract infections and diarrhea, both in developing and developed countries. Ip s, chung m, raman g, chew p, magula n, devine d, trikalinos t, lau j. His mother had regular pregnancy followup and was found to be seronegative for hiv on 2 consecutive screening tests during pregnancy and just after delivery.
However, 1 year later, diagnosis of hiv infection arose in both of them after a pediatric. Why invest, and what it will take to improve breastfeeding practices. Web site addresses of nonfederal organizations are provided solely as a service to readers. Breastfeeding is an extremely timesensitive relationship. In focusing on exogenous shifts in breastfeeding support, our identification strategy shares common ground with the only randomized controlled trial in lactation, kramer et al. This article summarizes the agency for healthcare research and qualitys evidence report on the effects of breastfeeding on term infant and maternal health outcomes in developed countries. Experiences with breastfeeding in the first hours and days of life significantly influence an infants later feeding. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. Broadly, these results are not sensitive to model specifications. In 1995, about 33 percent of new mothers breastfed. Belizan b a departments of maternal and child health and of gynecology and obstetrics, johns hopkins university, baltimore, maryland 21205, u.
Colorado breastfeeding logic model for communitybased change. Feltner c, weber rp, stuebe a, grodensky ca, orr c, viswanathan m. Other benefits include lower risks of asthma, food allergies, and type 1 diabetes. Breastfeeding 21 st 6 the economic argument for investing in breastfeeding breastfeedings benefits to mothers and children translate into substantial economic savings for countries when calculating the longterm cost due to cognitive loss, which impacts the workforces earning potential and contribution to productivity. Taylor berger fshn 342 nutrition case study report january 24, 2016 breastfeeding in developing countries referencing the material in section 1 of this course, we learned that maternal health in a mother is directly correlated to the health of her children from infancy and into childhood, especially for her female offspring. Breastfeeding, breast feeding, developed countries, evidencebased medicine, treatment outcome publisher rockville, md. The exclusive breastfeeding rate in developing countries is only 36% and an estimated 34. Trend data suggest the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants younger than six months in developing countries. The calculated protein and calorie requirements and nutritional status of intrauterinegrowthretarded infants of poor mothers in underdeveloped countries were compared with the estimated amounts of protein and calories supplied in the mothers milk and their nutritional sta. Pdf breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes.
Breastfeeding practices and determinants of exclusive. Breastfeeding not only is beneficial for the child but also the mother as well. The new york times reported in 2008 that up to 48% of infant hiv in developing countries is from breastfeeding. Breastfeeding can save many lives of young children. Countries can rapidly improve breastfeeding practices by scaling up known. Exclusive breastfeeding is important for child health and growth, but its practice is low in many developing countries. The overall rate of breastfeeding in developing countries has continued to improve over the years. For maternal outcomes, a history of lactation was associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, breast, and ovarian cancer. Background literature this section focuses on the determinants of breastfeeding and the effect of breastfeeding on child outcomes in developed countries. To view the changes, go to summary of protocol amendments.
Hundreds of thousands of babies could be saved each year if they received enough breast milk, unicef says. The calculated protein and calorie requirements and nutritional status of intrauterinegrowthretarded infants of poor mothers in underdeveloped countries were compared with the estimated amounts of protein and calories supplied in the mothers milk and their nutritional status both before and. Determinants of infant and underfive mortality the case. Countries and areas with significant improvements appear to benefit primarily from the reduction in suboptimal. This may endanger lives and undermine the efforts of national policies in achieving the objectives of the millennium development goals. Breast milk is the natural nutrition for all infants. In randomeffects metaanalyses, breastfeeding promotion interventions in developed countries resulted in significantly increased rates of short 1 to 3 months and longterm 6 to 8 months. Background developing countries with traditionally breastfeeding are now experiencing the increasing pressure of formula milk marketing. Pros and cons of breastfeeding in developed countries. Breastfeeding trends and updated national health objectives for exclusive breastfeeding united states birth years 20002004. Global trends in exclusive breastfeeding international breastfeeding. If more global health aid organizations promoted breastfeeding as. The cdc guide to strategies to support breastfeeding mothers.
Sep 01, 2014 we describe here the case of a monthold boy who acquired hiv infection postnatally through breastfeeding in a developed country in 2012. Studies were stratified according to study design controlled trials vs observational studies, provenance developing vs developed countries, and timing of compared feeding groups 37 months vs later. Breastfeeding programs and policies, breastfeeding uptake. Breastfeeding rates too low in developed countries, unicef. Breastfeeding programs and policies, breastfeeding uptake, and maternal health outcomes in developed countries. A summary of the agency for healthcare research and qualitys. Early cessation of breastfeeding or not breastfeeding was associated with an increased risk of maternal postpartum depression. Breastfeeding for 6 months or more increases motor scores at 9 months. Breastfeeding in developing countries sciencedirect. Aug 12, 2018 breastfeeding, maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries health and nutrition coordinators may find this report useful when promoting breastfeeding. Breastfeeding was relatively rare in the united states in the middle of the 20 th century.
Who collaborative study team on the role of breastfeeding on the prevention of infant mortality. The frequency of low birthweight lt2500 g is, on average, three times greater in underdeveloped 17% than in developed countries 6%. A risk of breastfeeding in developing countries is the transmission of infectious diseases such as hiv and ebola. Abm position on breastfeedingrevised 2015 mary ann liebert. Infant and underfive mortality in jordan have decreased steadily over the last two decades, reaching 21 and 24 per 1,000 live births in 2007, respectively. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in ncbi. Breastfeeding has a number of benefits to both mother and baby, which infant formula lacks. In some areas 3040% of birthweights may be below 2500 g3,4 with 75% of the infants intrauterinegrowthretarded iugr. The cdc guide to strategies to support breastfeeding mothers and babies.
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